Fig. 3

Complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) downregulates Fos expression in the spinal dorsal horn of Apoe^−/− mice. The left hind paw of all mice was repeatedly brushed for 1 min two hours before cardiac perfusion. A Immunofluorescence analysis of Fos expression in the three groups. B–C Quantification of Fos-positive neurons in the superficial dorsal horn (Layers I–III, b) and deep dorsal horn (Layers IV–VI, c). N = 3 mice/group (3–5 sections/mouse). ^****p < 0.0001 compared with physiological saline-treated C57 mice; ^##p = 0.0012, ^###p = 0.0002 compared with CFA-treated C57 mice. Two-way analysis of variance, followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test