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  1. Protein arginine methyltransferases (Prmts) are essential regulators of various biological processes and have been implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases. However, their role in osteomyelitis rema...

    Authors: Xun Chen, Ning Duan, Wentao Zhang, Tao Song and Fei Cong
    Citation: Biology Direct 2025 20:60
    Content type: Research Published on:

  2. Ubiquitin-specific protease 8 (USP8) is a deubiquitinating enzyme with essential functions in protein trafficking and stability. It is a multidomain protein, with an N-terminal MIT (microtubule interacting and...

    Authors: Aimiliani Konstantinou, Julia K. Varga, Alicia Córdova-Pérez, Leandro Simonetti, Lidia Gomez-Lucas, Ora Schueler-Furman, Norman E. Davey, Yogesh Kulathu and Ylva Ivarsson
    Citation: Biology Direct 2025 20:59
    Content type: Research Published on:

  3. M2 macrophages play a crucial role in the initiation and progression of various tumors, including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). However, the characterization of M2 macrophage-related genes in DLBCL re...

    Authors: Jiayi Zhang, Zhixiang Jia, Jiahui Zhang, Xiaohui Mu and Limei Ai
    Citation: Biology Direct 2025 20:58
    Content type: Research Published on:

  5. Mitotic catastrophe is well-known as a major pathway of endogenous tumor death, but the prognostic significance of its heterogeneity regarding bladder cancer (BLCA) remains unclear.

    Authors: Haojie Dai, Zijie Yu, You Zhao, Ke Jiang, Zhenyu Hang, Xin Huang, Hongxiang Ma, Li Wang, Zihao Li, Ming Wu, Jun Fan, Weiping Luo, Chao Qin, Weiwen Zhou and Jun Nie
    Citation: Biology Direct 2025 20:56
    Content type: Research Published on:

  6. Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disorder that primarily affects the gut of genetically predisposed individuals and is triggered by gliadin peptides (PT) produced by the digestion of gluten. Although inapp...

    Authors: Romina Monzani, Mara Gagliardi, Valentina Saverio, Nausicaa Clemente, Alice Monzani, Ivana Rabbone, Francesca Nigrelli, Samuele Pellizzaro, Emanuele Ferrario, Silvia Saettone, Nico Pagano, Luigina De Leo, Dmitry Lim, Daniele Sblattero and Marco Corazzari
    Citation: Biology Direct 2025 20:55
    Content type: Research Published on:

  7. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common and challenging malignancy of the digestive tract. Unfortunately, patients with advanced HCC frequently experience limited long-term benefits from current treatments,...

    Authors: Shuiling Jin, Qi Zhao, Xiao Sun, Jinsong Su, Peiwen Wang, Peixian Li, Jing Guo, Yibing Zhang, Hong Zong and Xiaoli Gan
    Citation: Biology Direct 2025 20:54
    Content type: Research Published on:

  8. Aquaporin-5 (AQP5) is a crucial membrane protein involved in water transport across cellular membranes, particularly within exocrine glands such as salivary glands. Dysregulation of AQP5, including its misloca...

    Authors: Claudia D’Agostino, Egor Zindy, Louise Conrard, Amel Takkal, Françoise Gregoire, Nargis Bolaky, Susanna Törnroth-Horsefield, Jason Perret and Christine Delporte
    Citation: Biology Direct 2025 20:53
    Content type: Research Published on:

  9. Colorectal cancer (CRC) frequently metastasizes to the liver, worsening patient outcomes. The formation of a pre-metastatic niche (PMN) is essential for this process, but how the primary colon tumor orchestrat...

    Authors: ShuJie Li, Xue Fu, Deng Ning, QiuMeng Liu, JunFang Zhao, Qi Cheng, XiaoPing Chen and Li Jiang
    Citation: Biology Direct 2025 20:52
    Content type: Research Published on:

  10. Mutations in the tumour suppressor protein p53 are present in 70% of human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC), subsequently to highly common activation mutation of the oncogene KRAS. These p53 mutations ...

    Authors: Kian Cotton, Charley Comer, Sabrina Caporali, Alessio Butera, Stephanie Gurres, Francesco Capradossi, Angelo D’Alessandro, Ivano Amelio and Maria Victoria Niklison-Chirou
    Citation: Biology Direct 2025 20:51
    Content type: Research Published on:

  11. The “psychedelic renaissance” is sparking growing interest in clinical research, along with a rise in clinical trials. Substances such as 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), psilocybin and N,N-dimethyltrypt...

    Authors: Matteo Ardini, Francesco Angelucci, Francesca Rea, Luca Paluzzi, Federica Gabriele, Marta Palerma, Luana Di Leandro, Rodolfo Ippoliti and Giuseppina Pitari
    Citation: Biology Direct 2025 20:50
    Content type: Research Published on:

  12. Immunotherapy targeting the programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) pathway is a standard treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The Wnt signaling pathway, often upregulated in HCC, contributes to an...

    Authors: Yu-Yun Shao, Han-Yu Wang, Hung-Wei Hsu, Rita Robin Wo, Ann-Lii Cheng and Chih-Hung Hsu
    Citation: Biology Direct 2025 20:49
    Content type: Research Published on:

  13. Glioma is an aggressive brain tumor characterized by its high invasiveness, which complicates prognosis and contributes to patient resistance against various treatment options. The HOMER family, consisting of ...

    Authors: Furong Wang, Hui Zhou, Yu Tian, Xiaoling Wang, Youcai Huang, Yanyang Tu, Liwen Li and Haining Zhen
    Citation: Biology Direct 2025 20:48
    Content type: Research Published on:

  14. Patients diagnosed with gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) accompanied by hepatic metastasis exhibit unfavorable prognoses generally. Mitochondrial dysfunction promotes cellular transformation and cancer cell surviva...

    Authors: Ruopeng Liang, Xiaoxue Zhang, Shitao Wu, Jing Liu, Yunpeng Zhai, Chaojie Lin, Zhenya Wang, Yi Zhang, Hao Chen and Rongtao Zhu
    Citation: Biology Direct 2025 20:47
    Content type: Research Published on:

  15. Endothelial senescence (ES) contributes to aging-related disorders and triggers a senescence-associated secretory-pattern (SASP), releasing Extracellular Vesicles (EVs), potentially impacting atherosclerosis. ...

    Authors: Ignacio Hernandez, Laura Botana, Javier Diez-Mata, Laura Tesoro, Beatriz Jimenez-Guirado, Claudia Gonzalez-Cucharero, Nunzio Alcharani, Jose Luis Zamorano, Marta Saura and Carlos Zaragoza
    Citation: Biology Direct 2025 20:46
    Content type: Research Published on:

  16. Neutrophils play a key role in the tumor microenvironment (TME); however, their functions in glioblastoma (GBM) are overlooked and insufficiently studied. A detailed analysis of GBM-associated neutrophil (GBMA...

    Authors: Yufan Yang, Ziyuan Liu, Zhongliang Wang, Xiang Fu, Zhiyong Li, Jianlong Li, Zhongyuan Xu and Bohong Cen
    Citation: Biology Direct 2025 20:45
    Content type: Research Published on:

  17. Protein folding remains a fundamental challenge in molecular biology, particularly in understanding how polypeptide chains transition from denatured states to their functional conformations. Here we analyze th...

    Authors: Julian Toso, Valeria Pennacchietti, Mariana Di Felice, Eduarda S. Ventura, Angelo Toto and Stefano Gianni
    Citation: Biology Direct 2025 20:44
    Content type: Research Published on:

  18. Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common type of RCC. Even though the targeted drugs for the treatment of ccRCC have a certain therapeutic effect, due to the problem of drug resistance, the s...

    Authors: Bin Zheng, Kan Liu, Ji Feng, Qing Ouyang, Tongyu Jia, Yaohui Wang, Shuo Tian, Xinran Chen, Tianwei Cai, Lequan Wen, Xu Zhang, Xiubin Li and Xin Ma
    Citation: Biology Direct 2025 20:43
    Content type: Research Published on:

  19. Osteoporosis and kidney stones share several common pathophysiological risk factors, and their association is well-established. However, previous studies have primarily focused on environmental mediators, such...

    Authors: Di Luo, Linguo Xie, Jingdong Zhang and Chunyu Liu
    Citation: Biology Direct 2025 20:42
    Content type: Research Published on:

  20. Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease marked by the breakdown of cartilage, where apoptosis plays a key role. Although apoptosis-related genes in OA have been studied, a detailed analysis of PANo...

    Authors: Daqian Zhou, Yingjin Luo, Fengjiang Li, Tao Liu, Yongliang Mei, Feilong Li, Xianghan Hou, Zhijiang Fu and Zongchao Liu
    Citation: Biology Direct 2025 20:41
    Content type: Research Published on:

  21. Laryngotracheal stenosis (LTS), a pathological narrowing of the upper airway caused by excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, often leads to dyspnea and even respiratory failure. However, systematic ...

    Authors: Ziwei Liao, Yangyang Zheng, Mingjun Zhang, Xiaoyan Li, Jing Wang and Hongming Xu
    Citation: Biology Direct 2025 20:40
    Content type: Research Published on:

  22. Coeliac disease is an autoimmune disease that is primarily associated with chronic inflammation of the gut, but can also affect organs outside the gut, from the liver to the skin and CNS. The disease is trigge...

    Authors: Romina Monzani, Mara Gagliardi, Valentina Saverio, Nausicaa Clemente, Alice Monzani, Ivana Rabbone, Francesca Nigrelli, Samuele Pellizzaro, Emanuele Ferrario, Silvia Saettone, Nico Pagano, Luigina De Leo, Dmitry Lim, Daniele Sblattero and Marco Corazzari
    Citation: Biology Direct 2025 20:39
    Content type: Research Published on:

  23. Acute kidney injury (AKI) remains a critical condition with limited therapeutic options, predominantly managed by renal replacement therapy. The challenge of developing targeted treatments persists.

    Authors: Jiachen Liu, Dianjie Zeng, Yinhuai Wang, Fei Deng, Shuiqing Wu and Zebin Deng
    Citation: Biology Direct 2025 20:38
    Content type: Research Published on:

  24. Neuroblastoma is a pediatric embryonal malignancy characterized by impaired neuronal differentiation. Differentiation status in neuroblastoma strongly affects the clinical outcome, thus, enforcement of differe...

    Authors: Yunyun Wang, Jingjing Huang, Zhenhua Song, Shuo Zhang, Haojie Guo, Qi Leng, Na Fang, Shaoping Ji and Jian Yang
    Citation: Biology Direct 2025 20:37
    Content type: Research Published on:

  25. In the quest to elucidate novel therapeutic strategies for myocardial injury, recent investigations have underscored the pivotal roles played by circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) in intercellular commun...

    Authors: Deliang Wang, Zheng Dai, Lu Jiang and Ke Liu
    Citation: Biology Direct 2025 20:36
    Content type: Research Published on:

  26. Protein kinases are essential cellular signal modulators involved in tumorigenesis, metastasis, immune response, and drug resistance. However, the comprehensive features and clinical significance of protein ki...

    Authors: Di Chen, Ju Huang, Aiming Yang and Zhifan Xiong
    Citation: Biology Direct 2025 20:35
    Content type: Research Published on:

  27. Diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) are a common and severe complication among diabetic patients, posing a significant burden on patients’ quality of life and healthcare systems due to their high incidence, amputation ...

    Authors: Songyun Zhao, Hua Yu, Zihao Li, Wanying Chen, Kaibo Liu, Hao Dai, Gaoyi Wang, Zibing Zhang, Jiaheng Xie, Yucang He and Liqun Li
    Citation: Biology Direct 2025 20:34
    Content type: Research Published on:

  28. Doxorubicin (DOXO) is a well-known chemotherapy drug, which is widely used in the treatment of Multiple Myeloma (MM), a treatable but not curable type of blood cancer. Here, we propose a pharmacokinetics and p...

    Authors: Daniele Andrean, Francesco Da Ros, Mario Mazzucato, Morten Gram Pedersen and Roberto Visentin
    Citation: Biology Direct 2025 20:33
    Content type: Research Published on:

  29. It is generally accepted that ZEB1 and ZEB2 act as master regulators of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, which arguably is the key mechanism of metastasis. Accordingly, they are deemed as negative predic...

    Authors: Sergey E. Parfenyev, Alexandra A. Daks, Oleg Y. Shuvalov, Olga A. Fedorova, Nikolay B. Pestov, Tatyana V. Korneenko and Nickolai A. Barlev
    Citation: Biology Direct 2025 20:32
    Content type: Review Published on:

  30. N-glycosylation is a complex, post-translational modification which influences protein function and is sensitive to physiological changes. Obesity is associated with alterations in protein function; however, l...

    Authors: Maheswary Muniandy, Sakari Joenväärä, Birgitta W. van der Kolk, Tiialotta Tohmola, Hanna Haltia, Sina Saari, Antti Hakkarainen, Jesper Lundbom, Juho Kuula, Per-Henrik Groop, Jaakko Kaprio, Sini Heinonen, Risto Renkonen and Kirsi H. Pietiläinen
    Citation: Biology Direct 2025 20:31
    Content type: Research Published on:

  31. Viral myocarditis (VMC) is an inflammatory myocardial condition triggered by viral infections which involves pathogenic-related damage and immune-mediated damage. However, the precise immunopathogenic mechanis...

    Authors: Xiuyun Duan, Li Zhang, Keyu Liu, Kaiyin Guo, Yingnan You, Hailin Jia, Shan Zhou and Bo Han
    Citation: Biology Direct 2025 20:30
    Content type: Research Published on:

  32. Tulipa gesneriana reproduces vegetatively by the development of bulb clusters from axillary meristems in the scales of a mother bulb. While part of the daughter bulbs in a cluster develop into large, flowering bu...

    Authors: Francesca Bellinazzo, Irene Manders, Bas Heidemann, Manuel Aguirre Bolanos, Evelien Stouten, Jacqueline Busscher, Dolores Abarca, Froukje van der Wal, Marcelo Carnier Dornelas, Gerco C. Angenent, Marcel Proveniers, Harm Nijveen and Richard G. H. Immink
    Citation: Biology Direct 2025 20:29
    Content type: Research Published on:

  33. Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a major subtype of heart failure, primarily characterized by a normal or mildly reduced left ventricular ejection fraction along with left ventricular ...

    Authors: Jun Du, Jiaqi Liu, Xiaoya Wang, Xiaowu Wang, Yu Ma, Sipan Zhang, Zilin Li, Jipeng Ma and Jincheng Liu
    Citation: Biology Direct 2025 20:28
    Content type: Review Published on:

  34. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide due to its high aggressive potential and drug resistance. Previous studies have revealed an important func...

    Authors: Xu Zhang, Fayu Liu, Qigen Fang, Changfu Sun and Jie Fan
    Citation: Biology Direct 2025 20:27
    Content type: Research Published on:

  35. Hepatocellular carcinoma is a fatal malignancy that lacking specific therapies. Homeobox B4 (HOXB4) was negatively correlated with poor prognosis in cancers, but its role in hepatocellular carcinoma has not be...

    Authors: Enshuang Guo, Lei Li, Jiankun Yang, Yongjian Zhou, Lu Bai, Weiwei Zhu, Qiuyue Hu, Huifen Wang and Hongqiang Liu
    Citation: Biology Direct 2025 20:26
    Content type: Research Published on:

  37. Nucleolin (NCL) plays an important regulatory role in angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced phenotypic switching of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). The aim of this study was to discuss its potential regulatory...

    Authors: Li Fang, Zhijie Shen, Yinzhuang Zhang, Zhuoni Mao, Dan Huang and Chenyu Lou
    Citation: Biology Direct 2025 20:24
    Content type: Research Published on:

  38. Doxorubicin (DOX) is an anthracycline with potent antitumor properties and rare yet serious cardiotoxic side effects that limit its clinical application. The sigma-1 receptor is a stress-triggered chaperone of...

    Authors: Zixuan Li, Qian Ran, Chuan Qu, Shan Hu, Shengyu Cui, You Zhou, Bo Shen and Bo Yang
    Citation: Biology Direct 2025 20:23
    Content type: Research Published on:

  39. Cellular boundaries of microorganisms can be modified by the expression in the cell wall of specific proteins endowed with relevant properties, improving their functional performance. So far, the surface displ...

    Authors: Sara Granuzzo, Monica Rossetto, Lucio Zennaro, Francesca Righetto, Paolo Antoniali and Raffaele Lopreiato
    Citation: Biology Direct 2025 20:22
    Content type: Research Published on:

  40. The Rho GTPase Rac family small GTPase 1 (RAC1) is considered a promising fibrotic therapeutic target, but the role of its activator, dedicator of cytokinesis 2 (DOCK2), in liver fibrosis is largely unknown. T...

    Authors: Jianli Qiu, Yitong Qu, Yinli Li, Cancan Li, Junling Wang, Lu Meng, Xiaojin Jing, Jiangping Fu, Yan Xu and Yuna Chai
    Citation: Biology Direct 2025 20:21
    Content type: Research Published on:

  41. Cyclic GMP/AMP (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS), along with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated stimulator of interferon genes (STING), are crucial elements of the type 1 interferon response. cGAS senses microbia...

    Authors: Yu Wang, Xuan Zhang, Weixue Wang, Yi Zhang, Joshua S. Fleishman and Hongquan Wang
    Citation: Biology Direct 2025 20:20
    Content type: Review Published on:

  42. Members from the RAS GTPase superfamily have been closely implicated in the tumorigenesis of various human cancers. Recent sequencing analysis of lung adenocarcinoma has revealed the prevalence of alterations ...

    Authors: Ruilan Ma, Dian Yang, Peng Wang, Ziyi Zhang, Xuehong Zhang, Jialiang Song, Han Liu, Shuyan Liu, Yingqiu Zhang and Lijuan Zou
    Citation: Biology Direct 2025 20:19
    Content type: Research Published on:

  44. Hypertrophic scar (HS) is a common fibrotic skin disorder characterized by the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM). Fibroblasts are the most important effector cells involved in HS formation. Cu...

    Authors: Wei Xu, Hao Lv, Yaxin Xue, Xiaofeng Shi, Shaotian Fu, Xiaojun Li, Chuandong Wang, Danyang Zhao and Dong Han
    Citation: Biology Direct 2025 20:17
    Content type: Research Published on:

  45. Iguanas exhibit diverse colors and behaviors reflecting evolutionarily adaptation to various habitats; in particular, the Galápagos iguanas represent unique color morphologies with distinct ecological niches. ...

    Authors: Manuel Scimeca, Rita Bonfiglio, Giuliano Colosimo, Eleonora Candi, Glenn P. Gerber, Gregory A. Lewbart, Alessandro Mauriello, Gerry Melino, Christian Sevilla, Yufang Shi, Ying Wang and Gabriele Gentile
    Citation: Biology Direct 2025 20:16
    Content type: Research Published on:

  46. Authors: Gerry Melino, Julia Bischof, Wen-Lian Chen, Wei Jia, Harmut Juhl, Gelina S Kopeina, Alessandro Mauriello, Flavia Novelli, Manuel Scimeca, Yufang Shi, Brunella Maria Pirozzi, Giuseppe Sica, Alexey V. Zamaraev and Boris Zhivotovsky
    Citation: Biology Direct 2025 20:14
    Content type: Editorial Published on:

  47. Carotid atherosclerotic plaque is the primary cause of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. It is closely related to oxidative stress and immune inflammation. This bioinformatic study was conducted to ...

    Authors: Yiqin Yang and Mei Dong
    Citation: Biology Direct 2025 20:15
    Content type: Research Published on:

  48. Regeneration is the preferred approach to restore the structure and function after tissue damage. Rapid proliferation of cells over the site of damage is integral to the process of regeneration. However, even ...

    Authors: Qianqian Guo, Zhen Wang, Jiping Li, Chao Ma, Junjun Zheng, Hengxing Ba, Guokun Zhang and Chunyi Li
    Citation: Biology Direct 2025 20:13
    Content type: Research Published on:

  50. Advances in sequencing technologies are reshaping clinical diagnostics, prompting the development of new software tools to decipher big data. To this end, we developed functional genomic imaging (FGI), a visua...

    Authors: Xinlei Chen, Youbing Guo, Xiaorong Gu and Danyi Wen
    Citation: Biology Direct 2025 20:11
    Content type: Research Published on:
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