Fig. 3

The effect of MOF-Fe nanoparticles on the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. (A) ALP staining of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. The yellow arrows in the figure indicate the MOF aggregate particles adhered to the cells. (B) Quantitative ALP analysis showed that the MOF-0.125 group had the highest ALP activity among the groups with different concentrations of MOF-Fe nanoparticles. (C) Expression of the RUNX2 gene. (D) Expression of the osteopontin (OPN) gene. (E) Analysis of BMP gene expression. (F) Expression of the COL1A1 gene. (G) ALP gene expression data. (H) Changes in BMP2, osteocalcin (OCN), and ALP protein expression. (I) Changes in BMP2 and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) immunofluorescence. (J) TEM analysis of the internalization of MOF particles by cells. The data are presented as the means ± SDs (n = 3). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01