Fig. 6

Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 (hCoV-19/Italy/CDG1/2020/EPI_ISL_412,973) with the three different treatment assays. Untreated: positive control. Pre: evaluation of inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 entry. Vero E6 were treated with drug at concentration of 40 µM for 1 h at 37 °C. Post: evaluation of the effect of the compound on SARS-CoV-2 life cycle. Cells were infected for 1 h at 37 °C with SARS-CoV-2 (0.01 m.o.i.) and then treated with the compound for 24 h. Pre + post: evaluation of the two treatments. A Plaque assay is performed in the cells infected with the supernatants derived from the cells previously treated. B The graph represents the percentage (%) of viral yields vs. untreated virus after the treatments. Data are obtained from at least 3 independent experiments, each performed in triplicate (n = 9), and are shown as mean ± SD of the percentage of virus yields vs. untreated (****p < 0.0001; ***p < 0.001; **p < 0.01). C Targets and D immunity-related genes RT-qPCR analyses in Calu-3 cells after XBB.1.5 Pseudovirus infection and following treatment with TL1228 compound. The unit was referred to Calu-3 cells. Data are from three independent experiments and represented as mean ± SD. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001 by one-way ANOVA test