Fig. 5

Chondrocyte C4 cluster identified as the disulfidptosis cell subset. A Chondrocyte disulfidptosis signaling is significantly overexpressed in the IVDD group. B Original single cell t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) distribution map. C C1-C5 cell clusters t-SNE distribution map. D Chondrocyte disulfidptosis signaling expression in C1-C5 clusters, significantly overexpressed in the IVDD group C4 cluster. E Expression of disulfidptosis hub genes in C1-C5 clusters. F Differential expression of ACTB, SLC7A11, and GCLM in C1-C5 clusters. G Heatmap showing specifically expressed genes in C1-C5 clusters. H Circle plot of fold change of specifically expressed genes in C4 cluster. I GO/KEGG enrichment analysis of C4 cluster specifically expressed genes. J GO/KEGG enrichment results classification and genes involved in specific terms