Fig. 8

Functions of small eccDNAs. A Diagram of synthetic circular DNA preparation by LAMA approach. B Schematic diagram to illustrate the validation for circular structure of the synthetic circular DNA. C Gel electrophoresis image for outward PCR and inward PCR products of the synthetic circular DNA. Outward PCR products are used for Sanger sequencing to validate the junction sites of the synthetic circular DNA. D Synthetic circular DNA induces a greater cytokine response in cardiomyocytes and macrophages (n = 3). The experiments were repeated for three times. CM, Cardiomyocyte; MΦ, Macrophage; NS, not significant; * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001