Fig. 2
From: Active enhancers: recent research advances and insights into disease
3D chromatin architecture and communication models of enhancers and promoters. A TADs are delineated by boundaries that are enriched with the architectural protein CTCF and the cohesin complex. The presence of TADs enhances the proximity and interaction between enhancers and promoters, thereby facilitating more efficient enhancer-promoter communications. B Pol II binds to enhancers and moves along chromatin to promoters. C An oligomeric bridge is formed by the interaction of several TFs and related proteins connecting enhancers and promoters. D TFs and related proteins that bind to enhancers interact with proteins in the promoter region and bend toward promoters. E Enhancers interact with distant promoters. Long-range loops bring enhancers close to promoters, and tracking or linking models further shorten the distance between enhancers and promoters