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Fig. 5 | Biology Direct

Fig. 5

From: Bone metabolism associated with annual antler regeneration: a deer insight into osteoporosis reversal

Fig. 5

Effects of velvet antler (VA) extracts on tibial bone density of ovariectomized rats. Upper panel (drawn after Fig. 6 in Tseng et al. [28]): effects of different antler portions (upper, mid and base) on bone microarchitecture. Note that only upper and mid portions had significant and dose-dependent effects. (A) sham-operated; (B) control (ovariectomized, OVX); (C) estradiol (OVX+ES); (D)-(F) VA groups: (D) upper portion (OVX+VAU), (E) middle portion (OVX+VAM) and (F) basal VA portion (OVX+VAB). Lower panel (drawn after Fig. 4 in Tseng et al. [97]): effects of mid-portion of VA on bone microarchitecture. Note that mid-portion of the VA-B showed significant effects on bone density. (A) sham-operated; (B) control (ovariectomized, OVX); (C) middle portion of VA and blood (OVX+VA-B); (D) estradiol (OVX+ES); the arrow indicates loss of the trabecular bone structure

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