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Fig. 1 | Biology Direct

Fig. 1

From: Enhanced itaconic acid secretion from macrophages mediates the protection of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes on lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury mice

Fig. 1

AMs aggravate LPS-induced injury in PMVECs via M1 polarization-mediated inflammatory response. (A) PMVECs were cultured in the presence of AMs or alone, followed by 100 ng/mL LPS treatment. Equivalent PBS was used as the control. After 24 h of culture, (B) PMVEC permeability was assessed using HRP leakage assays. (C) Western blot analysis revealed the relative expressions of both Claudin-5 and ZO-1 proteins, with GAPDH as the internal reference. (D) Annexin V-FITC/PI staining and (E) TUNEL assays demonstrated the apoptosis rate of PMVECs. (E) ELISA was used for inflammatory cytokines (F) IL-6 and (G) TNF-α concentration determination. (H) The western blot analysis for iNOS and Arg-1 represented the level of M1 polarization. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. Statistical significance was determined using appropriate methods, with *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001. PMVECs: pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells; AMs: alveolar macrophages; HRP: horseradish peroxidase

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