Fig. 5

Boanmycin induces endoplasmic reticulum functional impairment in multiple myeloma cells. (A) GSEA was conducted to analyze the enrichment of signaling pathways associated with ER function. (B) qPCR assays were performed to quantify the relative expression of the CHOP gene after the cells were treated with bortezomib and/or boanmycin. (C) After incubation with boanmycin for 48 h, RPMI 8226 and MM.1 S cells were fixed and subjected to TEM to observe their intracellular morphology. (D) RPMI 8226-Res and U266B1-Res cells treated with different concentrations of boanmycin for 48 h were stained with ER-Tracker dye, and (E) the relative mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) was calculated and plotted. (F) RPMI 8226-Res and U266B1-Res cells treated with different concentrations of boanmycin for 48 h were stained with a Fluo 4-AM probe, and (G) the relative MFI was calculated and plotted. (mean ± SD, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001)