Fig. 1
Pro-tumourigenic role of IL1 in the generation of an immune-suppressive tumour microenvironment (TME)
IL-1 cytokines, particularly IL-1α and IL-1β, play a critical role in shaping the TME by promoting the recruitment and activation of immunosuppressive cells, such as tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs), regulatory T cells (Tregs), and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). These cells contribute to tumour progression by facilitating angiogenesis, cancer cell proliferation, migration, and immune escape