Fig. 1

Overview of proteomics and glycoproteomics analyses results. Overall, 230 proteins were identified, with 48 proteins differentially (p < 0.05) expressed between heavier and leaner BMI-discordant co-twins. Out of these 48, three proteins were linked to ten glycopeptides which were also differentially (p < 0.05) expressed between co-twins. The remaining 45 proteins were either linked to glycopeptides not differentially expressed between co-twins (2 proteins) or not linked to any of the identified glycopeptides (43 proteins). Additionally, 108 glycopeptides were identified. Out of these 108, 33 glycopeptides were differentially (p < 0.05) expressed between co-twins. Out of these 33, only 29 has proteomics data as well. Ten of these 29 were linked to differentially expressed proteins. The remaining 23 glycopeptides were either linked to proteins not differentially expressed between co-twins (19 glycopeptides) or not linked to any of the identified proteins (4 glycopeptides). Additionally, we found 1986 differentially expressed glycopeptides that were detected but not traced to any of the proteins. (nominal p < 0.05 is considered significant)