Fig. 1

Disease progression of VMC mice. (A) Weight changes of VMC mice during disease progression. (B) Representative M-mode echocardiography images of VMC mice at different time points. (C) EF and FS of VMC mice at different time points. (D) Representative heart images of VMC mice. Heart shrinks and forms geographic-like inflammatory plaque on the surface on day 7. Scale bars: 1 mm. (E) Myocarditis scores for immune infiltration at different time points as described in Methods. (F) Cardiac immune infiltration status at different time points. Scale bars: 50 μm. (G) Masson’s trichrome staining of cardiac tissues. Blue represents fibrosis. Scale bars: 50 μm. (H) The levels of proinflammatory cytokines in the plasma of VMC mice at different time points. (I) The expression levels of cTnT and BNP in the plasma of VMC mice at different time points. (J) The levels of protective cytokines in the plasma of VMC mice at different time points. Unpaired t-test was used for analysis. Data are presented as mean ± SD (n ≥ 6 biologically independent samples). ***P < 0.001, **P < 0.01, *P < 0.05, ns P > 0.05