Fig. 1

Single-cell atlas of foot skin from individuals without diabetes, diabetic patients without skin ulcers, Healing DFU, and Non-Healing DFU. A An overview of the study design and workflow. B UMAP plot of single-cell features colored by 13 major cell types identified in this study. C, D Bar graphs showing the relative proportions of each major cell type in each sample and group. E Heatmap displaying the expression levels of major marker genes across all main cell types. Red indicates upregulated gene expression in that cell type. F UMAP plots featuring typical marker genes of each cell type