Fig. 9

Molecular Docking Analysis of Andrographolide (AG) with PANoptosis Hub Genes. A–D Molecular docking results of Andrographolide (AG) with four PANoptosis hub genes: CASP8 (A), CASP1 (B), TLR3 (C), and IL18 (D). The images depict the binding interactions between AG and the active sites of each protein, demonstrating the potential of AG to modulate these key genes involved in the PANoptosis pathway in osteoarthritis