Fig. 1

Schematic representation of the experimental procedure and validation of rat model of LTS. (a) Workflow: The rat model of LTS was induced by injuring the laryngotracheal lining using a brush. Laryngotracheal complexes were harvested at 1 and 7 days post-injury for histological analysis (n = 6). Laryngotracheal lining tissues were collected at 1, 3, 5, and 7 days post-injury, dissected, and processed for single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) (n = 3 for each time point). (b) Representative images of Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining and Masson’s trichrome staining. (c) Quantification of the laryngotracheal lining thickness was shown. Data are presented as mean ± SEM, with statistical significance determined by Student’s t-test. *P < 0.05; ****P < 0.0001 between indicated groups. (d) Representative images of immunostaining for Col1a1 and α-SMA of laryngotracheal tissues from rats at 1 and 7 days post-LTS induction. N = 6. (e) Quantification of the expression levels of Col1a1 and α-SMA was shown on the right side. Data are presented as mean ± SEM, with statistical significance determined by Student’s t-test. *P < 0.05; ****P < 0.0001 between indicated groups